Gonna be putting an edge on a blade soon and I want it to have a convex edge. I'll be using a belt sander to get it worked down to an edge I can sharpen. Need advice on proceeding
The same angle that you would use on a stone will suffice when sharpening on a slack belt or mousepad and sand paper. Remember the give of the belt or the pad will result in a greater angle right at the cutting edge anyway.
There are quite a few vids on youtube on the subject. One by blunttruth4u was pretty good. He convexed an Izula. My opinion, leave the belt sander alone until you gave it a run on just sandpaper. It goes faster than you'd think.
Are you convexing an existing edge or making a new blade via stock removal?
If you are building a new blade, I'll shut up here cuz I don't know.
If you are convexing an existing blade, I work mine with a file if needed (I did two thick machetes and a tomahawk) to knock the shoulder off, then on to the plethora of sharpening methods (mousepad/sandpaper, etc).
Unless you're very confident of what you are doing I suggest staying away from the belt sander. As Adam said, using sandpaper on a mouse pad goes much faster than you might think and you won't ruin the blade temper. The flex in the mouse pad will creat the correct convex edge for you.
Are you convexing just the edge or do you want to convex the whole bevel? There's a huge difference. Convexing the edge is very easy, truly convexing a flat bevel takes serious modification to the knife. If you do it right you won't have the same knife profile you started with.