I learned just like someone mentioned earlier, from years of sharpening... My grandfather taught me the basics when I was young, and from there its just a lot of practice... Here is what I do,,, Sharpen one side until you raise an even burr along the edge, then sharpen the other side till you move that burr back... Then from this point do exactly the same thing to both sides... I do 10 stokes on one side, 10 on the other, 5 on one, 5 on the other, 2 on one, 2 on the other, then 1 stroke one side, 1 stroke the other, back and forth to 40 strokes (20 each side) alternating each time... Then the same 10, 5, 2, 1 on the next grit, then the next grit if you have one all the way down to the strop... Razor sharp every time as long as you can hold a consistent angle... It just takes lots of practice, keep it up... And carbon steels are much easier to sharpen as mentioned previously... The new, harder steels usually take diamond stones... I have oil stone, water stones, diamond stones and sandpaper with a granite plate... the oil and water stones take forever on my O1 enzo trapper, so I pretty much use diamond all the time now...